A substance in the racetam family. The drug has been shown to reverse memory impairment caused by baclofen, a potent GABA(B) agonist. It additionally has been shown to inhibit baclofen-induced suppression of cyclic AMP formation. The drug is indicated to have a type of GABA(B) antagonistic action. The drug has been shown to reverse high-affinity choline uptake induced by electrolytic lesions of the basal forebrain and pentobarbital anesthesia. It additionally has indications of having antidepressant activity and through repeated dosage, up-regulation of GABA(B) receptors. Notably, the indications of antidepressant activity were noted to be isolated, not affecting monoamine uptake nor central monoaminergic transmission. In addition to not affecting B-adrenoceptors and 5HT2 receptors. Clinical studies of the drug have failed to show statistical signifigance in treatments for a variety of disorders, but further clinical trials are underway.